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UNIT 5. OUR EXPERIENCES
T LANGUAGE FOCUS T
Grammar S Present perfect
Pronunciation S Sound /j/, and /w/
GRAMMAR
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect tense)
1. Cấu trúc
Câu khẳng định
S + have/has + P2.
Câu phủ định
S + have/has + not + P2.
Câu nghi vấn
Have/has + S + P2?
- Yes, S + have/has.
- No, S + haven’t/hasn’t.
Câu hỏi Wh-question
What + have/has + S + P2?
- Yes, S + have/has …
- No, S + haven’t/hasn’t …
Lưu ý: have not = havent
has not = hasnt
E.g. They havent played games for years.
Mary hasnt met her classmates for a long time.
2. Cách dùng
a. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ và hiện tại vẫn còn tiếp tục.
I have studied English for 12 years.
She has worked at the factory since 2000.
b. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
I have seen that movie three times.
c. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng đế diễn tả một hành động, sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.
We have just dived.
d. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả về sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn tác động đến hiện tại.
She has broken her watch so she doesnt know what time it is.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
û before: trước đây
û ever: đã từng
û never: chưa từng, chưa bao giờ
û for + quãng thời gian: trong khoảng thời gian nào đó (for years, for a long time,...)
û since + mốc thời gian: kể từ khi (since 2001,...)
û yet: chưa (thường được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn)
û... the first/ second/... time: làn đầu tiên/ thứ hai...
û just/ recently/ lately: gần đây, vừa mới, vừa xong
û already: rồi
û so far/ until now/ up to now/ up to the present: cho tới bây giờ
E.g. I have just done my homework.
Tom hasnt told me about you yet.
PHONETICS
1. Âm /j/
1.1. Cách phát âm
Bước 1: Môi mở tự nhiên
Bước 2: Nhấn hai mép lười vào hai bên hàng răng trên. Đầu lưỡi chạm nhẹ vào chân trong răng trước hàm dưới.
Bước 3: Giật quai hàm xuống, đồng thời phát âm /j/
1.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
a. y thường được phát âm là /j/
yellow /ˈjeləʊ/: màu vàng
yam /jæm/: khoai mỡ
young /jʌŋ/: trẻ
yesterday /ˈjestədeɪ/: ngày hôm qua
b. u có thể được phát âm là /jʊ/ hay /ju:/
cure /kjʊə(r)/: chữa trị
pure /pjʊə(r)/: trong sạch, tinh khiết
humour /ˈhjuːmə(r)/: hài hước, hóm hỉnh
museum /mjuˈziːəm/: viện bảo tàn
c. ea” có thế được phát âm là/j/
beauty /ˈbjuːti/: cái đẹp, vẻ đẹp
beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/: xinh đẹp
2. Âm /w/
2.1. Cách phát âm
Bước 1: Mở tròn môi, hơi chu miệng ra ngoài, giống như khi tạo âm /u:/
Bước 2: Mở rộng và tách môi, dịch chuyển 2 khóe môi hướng về phía tai
Bước 3: Đẩy luồng hơi từ dưới cuống họng để phát âm /w/
Lưu ý: Nếu bạn phát âm đúng, không có luồng hơi nào thoát ra khỏi miệng. Đây là 1 phụ âm hữu thanh nên thanh quản rung khi bạn phát âm âm này. Để kiểm tra xem mình phát âm có đúng không, hãy đặt bàn tay lên cổ họng và kiếm tra độ rung.
2.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biếtGiaoandethitienganh.info sưu tầm
a. w được phát âm là /w/
wonderful /ˈwʌndəfl/: tuyệt vời
weather /ˈweðə(r)/: thời tiết
twelve /twelv/: số 12
sweet /swi:t/: ngọt
b. “wh cùng được phát âm là /w/
why /waɪ/: tại sao
when /wen/: khi nào
wheel /wi:l/: bánh xe
whale /weɪl/: cá voi
c. Lưu ý: Phát âm w là âm câm
wrap /ræp/: gói, bọc lại
wreck /rek/: sự phá hỏng
write /raɪt/: viết
wring /rɪŋ/: vắt nước
EXERCISE
A. PHONETICS
I. Pick out the word that has the underlined letter pronounced /j/ or /w/.
occupation
communication
yoghurt
wonderful
winning
wheel
university
wildlife
student
young
beyond
opportunity
window
popular
museum
awake
Wednesday
reward
/j/
/w/
II. Choose the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
1. A. university
B. unique
C. unit
D. undo
2. A. ground
B. should
C. about
D. amount
3. A. weather
B. bread
C. ahead
D. mean
4. A. author
B. other
C. there
D. breathe
5. A. excursion
B. sunburst
C. nurse
D. picture
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Write an activity under each picture.
see a water puppet
show see wildlife safari
visit an art gallery
take an eco-tour
watch the sunset
take a boat trip
take photos from a mountain top
dance with local people
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________
6. _______________________
7. _______________________
8. _______________________
II. Complete each of the sentences with the appropriate word from the box.
glance
clip
fuss
idol
terminal
departure lounge
imitate
wad
embrace
customs
1. A lot of teenagers make Bi Rain their ________________.
2. Josie made a ________________because the soup was too salty.
3. They were locked in a passionate ________________on the station platform.
4. I only had time for a quick ________________ at the paper this morning.
5. No computer can ________________ the complex functions of the human brain.
6. Dexter reached into his pocket and pulled out a ________________ of notes.
7. The first ________________ from the movie has now been released.
8. After you check in, wait in the ________________ until you hear your flight called.
9. All flights to Canada go out of our southern ________________. You can get there on the airport bus.
10. Please ensure you have fully filled out the green form for ________________ before we land, stating anything on the list you are carrying into the country.
III. Write the correct forms of the verbs in the table.
Verbs
Past simple
Past participle
1. buy
2. write
3. speak
4. eat
5. bring
6. break
7. become
8. build
9. find
10. stand
11. steal
12. sleep
13. spend
14. begin
15. swim
16. throw
17. think
18. understand
19. catch
20. fight
21. forget
22. forgive
23. keep
24. hold
25. blow
IV. Put in the present perfect of the verbs in brackets.
1. There ______________ (be) a lot of changes in Vietnam since the 1990s.
2. There is no more cheese. I ______________ (eat) it all, Im afraid.
3. It’ll soon get warm in here. I ______________ (turn) the heating on.
4. The bill isn’t right. They ______________ (make) a mistake.
5. I just ______________ (see) Andrew and he says he ______________ (do) about half of the plan.
6. She ______________ (not/ have) any fun for a long time.
7. You ______________ (not/ do) your project yet, I suppose.
8. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ______________ (start).
9. My son ______________ (study) English since he was a young man.
10. My brother ______________ (not have) his car repaired since I left him.
11. This is the first time that I ever ______________ (eat) this kind of food.
12. My friends ______________ (drink) since it started to rain
V. Fill in the blanks with “since or for”.
1. Mark has used the laptop ______ three hours ______ 10 o’clock.
2. How many times have you read the book ______ you bought it?
3. Mary hasn’t eaten fish ______ Thursday.
4. We’ve known each other ______ ages.
5. My sister has owned the fashion shop ______ 3 years.
6. It’s three years ______ Trang started learning English.
7. Peter and Linda have been married ______ a year.
8. She has been to Paris ______ a week.
9. He has stayed here ______ three days.
10. I have worked as a teacher ______ 2018.
VI. Put the present perfect or past simple of the verbs in brackets.
1. I ______________ (have) these shoes since my eighteenth birthday.
2. We ______________ (live) in Newcastle for three years now and like it a lot.
3. The last time I ______________ (go) to Brighton was in August.
4. When my parents were on holiday, I ______________ (stay) with my grandparents for two weeks.
5. I ______________ (not see) Rachel for ages. She ______________ (not visit) us since July.
6. Martin ______________ (be) to Greek five times. He loves the place.
7. I ______________ (work) for a computer company for a year. That was after college.
8. We ______________ (move) here in 1993. We ______________ (be) here a long time now.
9. It isnt a very good party. Most people ______________ (already/ go) home.
10. It was so hot today that I ______________ (wear) shorts and a T-shirt at work.
11. My wife and I ______________ (move) three times since we(get) married.
12. So far this week there ______________ (be) three burglaries on our street.
13. When I was younger, I ______________ (play) badminton for my local team.
14. In the past few years, it ______________ (become) more and more difficult to get into university.
15. This book is so long that I ______________ (not finish) it yet.
VII. Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the words in brackets.
1. We moved into the new house last month. (since)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. They started working on this project two months ago. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Mary began learning to play the piano in her childhood. (since)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. He joined the company two years ago. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
5. I started studying English six months ago. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
6. They began dating each other in high school. (since)
____________________________________________________________________________
7. We moved to this city a year ago. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
8. She started practicing yoga last year. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Linda began playing the guitar when she was a child. (since)
____________________________________________________________________________
10. I started writing my book a few months ago. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
C. READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer.
For the last few months, I have spent every Saturday in my flat and have done nothing more exciting than working at home, reading the newspapers and watching television. I had begun feeling bored with this and so, last weekend I thought I would do something different. I rang up several of my friends and we 108 decided to go to London for the day. I was really excited as I hadn’t been to London since I was ten. We decided to go by coach as this was by far the cheapest means of transport that was available even though it meant that we needed to get up very early. Once in London, we decided to take a sightseeing tour as we wanted to see some of the famous buildings. After the tour, we bought some sandwiches and ate them in a small park. In the afternoon, two of us went shopping and the others went to the theater. We met up again at 6:30 p.m. and went to a small restaurant in Soho. The meal was really good but, unfortunately, it took much longer than we had expected. We had to get a taxi back to the coach station. Luckily, we got there just two minutes before our coach left.
1. According to the passage, the writer _____________.
A. spent his last weekend at home.
B. went to London with some of his friends.
C. has lived in London for ten years.
D. feels bored with his life.
2. He felt so excited about going to London because _____________.
A. He hadnt been there before.
B. He hadnt been there for ten years.
C. He went there ten years ago.
D. He hadn’t been there for a long time.
3. Why did they decide to go by coach?
A. Because it was available.
B. Because they wanted to start early.
C. Because other means of transport were more expensive.
D. Because it was one of the most efficient means of transport.
4. Which of the following is true?
A. They all went shopping before going to the theater.
B. They took a sightseeing tour of London and then had lunch.
C. They had lunch in a small restaurant.
D. They left the city at 6:30 p.m.
5. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.
A. they nearly missed the coach because of the meal.
B. they didnt enjoy the meal in the restaurant very much.
C. the coach had already left when they got to the station.
D. they missed the coach and had to take a taxi back.
II. Choose the correct words or phrases that best complete the passage.
Last summer, I embarked (1) _____________ a memorable trip to the beautiful countryside. It was an escape from the hustle and bustle of the city, and a journey filled with breathtaking natural beauty. The (2) _____________ began with a long drive through winding roads that led us deeper into the heart of nature.
We arrived at a charming little village with (3) _____________ cottages, surrounded by lush green hills and picturesque landscapes. The air was crisp and clean, a refreshing change from the pollution of the city. We (4) _____________ the countryside by taking long walks through the meadows and hiking up the hills to catch panoramic views of the valley. We visited a pristine lake where we had a chance to swim and bask in the sun. It was a surreal experience as I felt (5) _____________ close to nature.
One of the highlights of the trip was the local food. We (6) _____________ traditional dishes prepared by the villagers, which included freshly harvested vegetables anGiaoandethitienganh.info sưu tầm
d fruits. The flavors were authentic and delicious, a true taste of the countryside. The evenings were magical as we sat around a bonfire, (7) _____________ stories and enjoying the starry night sky. It was a perfect way to end each day of exploration.
This trip was not just a getaway; it was a soul-refreshing experience that reminded me (8) _____________ the beauty and serenity of nature. I left with a heart full of cherished memories and a desire to return to this peaceful paradise.
1. A. on
B. in
C. at
D. for
2. A. excursion
B. voyage
C. cruise
D. journey
3. A. modern
B. typical
C. beauty
D. traditional
4. A. looked into
B. explored
C. found
D. discovered
5. A. as
B. too
C. so
D. such
6. A. enjoyed
B. disliked
C. detested
D. relished
7. A share
B. sharing
C. to share
D. shares
8. A. of
B. in
C. on
D. for
D. WRITING
I. Write a sentence using the clues given.
1. I/ not/ see/ him/ since/ last month.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. John/just/start/a new project.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Have/ you/ ever/ swim/ in the ocean?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. They/ always/ support/ their favorite team.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. She/ not/ visit/ her family/ for a long time.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. I/ just/ receive/ a letter/ from my friend.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. He/ just/ graduate/ from university.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. They/ never/ try/ Vietnamese food.
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Have/ you/ ever/ climb/ Mount Everest?
____________________________________________________________________________
10. I/ not/ travel/ to Europe/ before.
____________________________________________________________________________
II. Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the words in brackets.
1. I started working at this hotel six months ago. (worked)
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Susan has been in Italy for the last three weeks. (went)
____________________________________________________________________________
3. I met her during my stay in England last summer. (while)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. We haven’t gone to the cinema for over a year. (Its)
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Sam played tennis yesterday and it was his first game. (never)
____________________________________________________________________________
6. How long is it since they went to Nairobi? (When)
____________________________________________________________________________
7. My daughter began to study English when she was young. (since)
____________________________________________________________________________
8. She is still working on her homework. (stopped)
____________________________________________________________________________
9. The last time Tom came back to his hometown was five years ago. (for)
____________________________________________________________________________
10. In the middle of our dinner, there was a knock at the door. (when)
____________________________________________________________________________
TEST FOR UNIT 5
I. Choose the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
1. A. mentioned
B. consisted
C. described
D. studied
2. A. village
B. lighting
C. litter
D. river
3. A. expedition
B. resort
C. explore
D. environment
4. A. machine
B. change
C. teacher
D. choose
5. A. condition
B. option
C. suggestion
D. relation
II. Choose a word in each line that has a different stress pattern.
1. A. appreciate
B. experience
C. embarrassing
D. situation
2. A. excited
B. interested
C. confident
D. memorable
3. A. convenient
B. interesting
C. comfortable
D. internet
4. A. entertain
B. electronic
C. documentary
D. television
5. A. invent
B. interact
C. develop
D. control
III. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train, it ______________ five minutes ago.
A. had left B. left C. has left D. has been left
2. She showed her ______________ by asking lots of trivial questions.
A. experience B. experienced C. inexperienced D. inexperience
3. Before he turned 14, Mozart ______________ a few lesser pieces for the piano.
A. has composed B. had composed C. was composed D. would composed
4. ______________ hard all year, so I felt that I deserved a holiday.
A. I work B. I worked
C. I’d been working D. I’ve worked
5. She made a big ______________ about not having a window seat on the plane.
A. complaint B. fuss C. excitement D. interest
6. He has a very outgoing ______________ and makes friends very easily.
A. person B. personal C. personality D. personage
7. Teenagers often have their ______________ who they admire very much.
A. ideals B. admirers C. images D. idols
8. While the front door ______________, please use the side entrance.
A. repairs B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired
9. Clark ______________ in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
A. works B. worked C. was working D. has worked
10. Jeans ______________ of a heavy cotton cloth called denim.
A. make B. have made C. are making D. are made
11. We live in London. We ______________ there for seven years.
A. live B. are living C. lived D. have lived
12. We started by cleaning up and _____________ the small garden with a streamer and many balloons.
A. decorating B. to decorate C. decorates D. decorated
13. After she ______________ hospital, she had a long holiday.
A. leaves B. is leaving C. left D. has left
14. I lost my passport. I need to go to the ______________ to report it lost.
A. pharmacy B. gallery C. embassy D. monument
15. I the new Harry Potter book now, so you can borrow my copy if you like.
A. finish B. am finishing C. have finished D. had finished
IV. Put ever, never, for” or since” into each gap.
1. I havent seen Mark ______ Christmas.
2. Peter has been in Viet Nam ____ a long time, but hes ____ visited the Temple of Literature.
3. She has worked for this company ______ many years, ______ 1976; I guess.

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