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UNIT 4: Urbanisation
TỪ VỰNG
STT
Từ vựng
Từ loại
Phiên âm
Nghĩa
1.
high-rise
adj
/ˈhaɪ raɪz/
cao tầng
2.
urban
adj
/ˈɜːbən/
thuộc về đô thị
3.
urban sprawl
n.p
/ˈɜːbən sprɔːl/
sự bành trướng đô thị
4.
urbanisation
n
/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
đô thị hoá
5.
leisure
n
/ˈleʒə(r)/
sự giải trí, sự thư giãn
6.
convenience
store
n
/kənˈviːniəns stɔː(r)/
cửa hàng tiện lợi
7.
convenient
adj
/kənˈviːniənt/
thuận tiện
8.
crowded
adj
/ˈkraʊdɪd/
đông đúc
9.
rush hour
n.p
/ˈrʌʃ aʊə(r)/
giờ cao điểm
10.
afford
v
/əˈfɔːd/
có đủ khả năng chi trả
11.
housing
n
/ˈhaʊzɪŋ/
nhà ở
12.
expand
v
/ɪkˈspænd/
mở rộng
13.
seek
v
/siːk/
tìm kiếm
14.
unemployment
n
/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/
tình trạng thất nghiệp
15.
affordable
adj
/əˈfɔːdəbl/
(giá cả) rẻ, phải chăng
16.
infrastructure
n
/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/
cơ sở hạ tầng
17.
resident
n
/ˈrezɪdənt/
người dân
18.
colonial
adj
/kəˈləʊniəl/
thuộc địa, thuộc dân
19.
gradually
adv
/ˈɡrædʒuəli/
dần dần
20.
modernise
v
/ˈmɒdənaɪz/
hiện đại hoá
21.
concern
n
/kənˈsɜːn/
mối lo ngại
22.
rapidly
adv
/ˈræpɪdli/
rất nhanh, với tốc độ cao
23.
reliable
adj
/rɪˈlaɪəbl/
đáng tin cậy
NGỮ PHÁP
1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài tới hiện tại, hoặc hành động vừa mới xảy ra gần đây.
Ex: Our family has lived here since I was born.
- Ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn tả số lần xảy ra của một sự việc với cấu trúc
It/This/That + be + the first/second time + S + have/has + past participle.
Ex: This is the first time I have travelled by plane.
- Ta cũng dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn tả trải nghiệm đặc biệt với cấu trúc:
It/This/That/Noun or Gerund phrase + be + the best/the worst/the only/the most beautiful/ ... +S + have/has (ever) + past participle.
Ex: Moving to the capital city is the worst choice I have ever made in my life.
2. Cấu trúc so sánh
2. 1. So sánh càng ngày càng
Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn
Tính từ/trạng từ dài
Housing prices are getting higher and higher.
Hanoi is becoming more and more polluted.
2.2 So sánh càng … càng
The + so sánh hơn + S + V, the + so sánh hơn +S+V.
Ex: The bigger the city gets, the more crowded it becomes.
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. concern B. affordable C. convenience D. colonial
Question 2. A. high-rise B. modernise C. housing D. sprawl
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. afford B. housing C. leisure D. urban
Question 4. A. convenient B. employment C. expansion D. resident
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5. The city’s        needs upgrading to meet the demands from its citizens.
A. leisure        B. convenience        C. infrastructure        D. unemployment
Question 6. Youth crime in the inner city has increased        in recent months, requiring tightened security.
A. reliably        B. affordably        C. conveniently        D. rapidly
Question 7. Air pollution and traffic congestion are two major        among city dwellers.
A. concerns        B. residents        C. unemployment        D. Infrastructure
Question 8. The urban        can threaten the unique charm of the countryside.
A. unemployment        B. housing        C. leisure        D. sprawl
Question 9. Traffic in the        is a nightmare for commuters.
A. resident        B. rush hour        C. urbanisation        D. concern
Question 10. Many fresh graduates are struggling to        a nine-to-five job.
A. expand        B. seek        C. afford        D. modernise
Question 11. The municipal authority is implementing new policies to address affordable            shortages.
A. housing        B. resident        C. concern        D. infrastructure
Question 12. This is the first time Henry        Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.
A. visited        B. visits        C. has visited        D. had visited
Question 13. The well is getting        polluted, forcing villagers to seek alternative clean water sources.
A. much and more        B. much and much        C. most and most        D. more and more
Question 14. The higher property prices are,        city dwellers can afford.
A. the fewest        B. fewer than        C. the fewer        D. the fewer than
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 15. Many old apartments in this part of the city need modernising; they are in danger of collapsing anytime soon.
A. upgrading        B. destroying        C. renovating        D. developing
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined bold word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 16. City dwellers prefer to travel by elevated railway because it is reliable and affordable.
A. dependable        B. inconvenient        C. realistic        D. temporary
Read the following flyer and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 17 to 19.
EXPLORE THE EVOLUTION OF CITY LIFE AT OUR EXHIBITION!
- Compare past and present urban (17)
- Discover the cultural shifts and (18) advancements
- Engage (19) interactive exhibits showcasing modern urban innovations Date:
March 15th - March 30th, 2024
Lecation: City Museum, 123 Main Street, Anytown
Question 17. A. purposes        B. intentions        C. landscapes        D. challenges
Question 18. A. technologist B. technologically        C. technology        D. technological
Question 19. A. for        B. with        C. to        D. Of
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful letter for the following question.
Question 20.
a) However, the fast pace can be overwhelming at times.
b) Firstly, the diversity here is astounding; you encounter people from all walks of life daily.
c) Warm regards.
d) Dear Laura, I hope you are well.
e) Looking forward to catching up soon!
f) Overall, the experience has been enriching, pushing me out of my comfort zone while teaching me valuable lessons about adaptability.
g) Secondly, the opportunities for growth and exploration are endless.
h) Living in a big city has been exciting.
A. d – b – a – g – f – h – e – c        B. d – h – a – b – g – f – e – c
C. d – h – b – g – a – f – e – c        D. d – h – b – g – f – a – e – c
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.
Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (21)_____to over 3,000 sq km including many of the surrounding villages. As rural (22) _____move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (23) _____ to include more lines by 2030.
(24) _____, urbanisation has created new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (25)_____to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.
(Adapted from Global Success)
Question 21. A. afforded B. expanded C. modernised D. concerned
Question 22. A. housing B. concerns C. residents D. convenience
Question 23. A. expected B. affected C. imagined D. structured
Question 24. A. Therefore B. In addition C. However D. For example
Question 25. A. related B. resulted C. led D. complied
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 26 to 30.
Urbanisation in Malaysia started in the early 1970s. At that time, only around 26 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. After a period of rapid growth, the urban and rural populations were almost equal in the early 1990s. Since then, the urbanisation rate has continued to increase gradually. The urban population, for example, rose from 66 per cent in 2004 to 74 per cent in 2014. At present, Malaysia is known as one of the most urbanised countries in East Asia. It is also one of the most rapidly urbanised regions around the world. According to the latest statistics, over 77 per cent of Malaysias total population now live in urban areas and cities.
Australia is an interesting example of early urbanisation, which started at the end of the 19th century. At that time, over 60 per cent of the population lived in urban areas. Since then, it has maintained a gradual growth. This was also due to the countrys immigration policy, which encouraged people to settle in its coastal, urban areas. Australia is now one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with almost 90 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The two largest cities of Australia, Sydney and Melbourne, are home to over 40 per cent of the countrys population.
(Adapted from Global Success)
Question 26. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Challenges facing urbanised Malaysia and Australia
B. The brief history of Malaysia and Australia
C. Urbanisation in Malaysia and Australia
D. Housing problems in Malaysia and Australia
Question 27. The word rose in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to _        .
A. increased        B. developed        C. evolved        D. declined
Question 28. According to paragraph 1, Malaysia        .
A. is the most urbanised country in East Asia
B. has only 26% of its population living in urban areas
C. has witnessed a decrease in the urbanisation rate
D. is one of the most rapidly urbanised countries in the world
Question 29. The word its in paragraph 2 refers to        .
A. immigration policy        B. a gradual growth
C. early urbanisation        D. Australia
Question 30. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 2?
A. Australia’s immigration policy contributed to the growth of its urban population.
B. Urbanisation in Australia started at the end of the 19th century.
C. There are nearly 60 per cent of people living in urban areas in Australia.
D. Sydney and Melbourne are the two most crowded cities in Australia.
ĐÁP ÁN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
B
D
A
D
C
D
A
D
B
B
A
A
D
C
C
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
A
C
D
B
C
B
C
A
C
C
C
D
D
D
C
1
2
3
4
5
B
D
A
D
C
6
7
8
9
10
D
A
D
B
B
11
12
13
14
15
A
A
D
C
C
16
17
18
19
20
A
C
D
B
C
21
22
23
24
25
B
C
A
C
C
26
27
28
29
30
C
D
D
D
C
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onthicaptoc.com Bai tap Bo Tro Tieng Anh 12 Unit 4