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UNIT 6.
VIETNAMESE LIFESTYLE: THEN AND NOW
T LANGUAGE FOCUS T
Grammar S Verb + to-infinitive
S Verb + V-ing
Pronunciation S Sound /fl/, and /fr/
GRAMMAR
I. Verb + to - infinitive/ V-ing
1. Verb + to- infinitive
- Một số động từ thông dụng thường được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu có to:
begin: bắt đầu
manage: xoay xở được
agree: đồng ý
neglect: bỏ bê
appear: có vẻ
offer: đề nghị
arrange: sắp xếp
pay: trả tiền
ask: yêu cầu
plan: lên kế hoạch
attempt: cố gắng, thử
prepare: chuẩn bị
beg: van xin
pretend: giả vờ
claim: đòi hỏi
promise: hứa
decide: quyết định
prove: chứng minh refuse: từ chối
demand: yêu cầu
request: yêu cầu
deserve: xứng đáng
manage: xoay xở được
determine: quyết định
seem: dường như
expect: kỳ vọng, mong đợi
wait: chờ đợi
hope: hy vọng
want: muốn
learn: học
wish: mong muốn, ước muốn
E.g. We managed to get to the airport in time.
The children pretended to be sleeping.
- Ta có thể đặt NOT trước động từ mẫu có to
E.g. My family decided not to travel this year because of the pandemiC.
2. Verb + V- ing
Một số động từ thông dụng thường được theo sau bởi động từ thêm -ing (V-ing):
admit: thừa nhận
consider: coi như
finish: kết thúc, hoàn thành
enjoy: thích, đam mê
involve: liên quan
mention: đề cập
mind: phiền
postpone: hoãn lại
avoid: tránh
can’t stand: không thể chịu được
dislike: không thích
deny: từ chối
give up: từ bỏ
fancy: đam mê
keep: giữ, tiếp tục
imagine: tưởng tượng
delay: hoãn lại
miss: nhỡ
detest: ghét
practice: thực hành
quit: từ bỏ, bỏ cuộc
suggest: gợi ý
risk: mạo hiểm
can’t bear: không thể chịu đựng được
E.g. Would you mind turning off the radio for me?
She often practices speaking English with her friends.
John denied breaking the window.
She hates not being on time.
3. Một số động từ dùng với cả to + Verb” và V-ing” mà không có nhiều khác biệt về nghĩa.
begin: bắt đầu
Tom continued doing his homework.
= Tom continued to do his homework.
They love reading books.
= They love to read books.
cant bear: không thể chịu đựng
can’t stand: không thể chịu đựng
continue: tiếp tục
hate: ghét
like: thích
love:yểu thích
prefer: thích hơn
start: bắt đầu
4. Một số động từ có thể được dùng với cả hai dạng nguyên mẫu có to” hoặc V-ing nhưng có sự khác nhau về nghĩa.
● Forget: quên
Forget + V-ing: Quên việc đã phải làm gì
=> I forget watering the plants regularly.
Forget + to-verb: Quên sẽ phải làm một việc gì (trong hiện tại và tương lai)
=> Don’t forget to send her the letter.
● Remember: nhớ
Remember to-verb: Nhớ sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại và tương lai)
=> Remember to send this letter.
Remember + V-ing: Nhớ đã làm gì (trong quá khứ)
=> I’m sure I locked the door. I clearly remember locking it.
● Regret: hối hận
Regret + to-verb: Tiếc phải thông báo cho ai về tin xấu
=> I regret to tell you that you failed the test.
Regret V-ing: Hối hận đã làm gì (việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ)
=> I regret lending some money.
● Try: cố gắng, thử
Try + to-verb: Cố gắng làm việc gì
=> She tried to solve the problem by herself.
Try + V-ing: Thử làm việc gì
=> The room was hot. I tried opening the windows, but that didn’t help. So I tried turning on the fan, but it was still hot.
● Stop: dừng lại
Stop + to-verb: Dừng lại để thực hiện một hành động khác
=> I stopped to admire the beautiful sunset.
Stop + V-ing: Chấm dứt làm việc gì
=> I stopped running because I was too tired.
● Need: cần phải làm
Need + to-verb: Cần phải làm gì (nghĩa chủ động)
=> I need to finish this assignment tonight.
Need + V-ing: Cần được làm gì (nghĩa bị động)
=> Plants need watering regularly.
● Go on: tiếp tục
Go on + to-verb: Tiếp tục một hành động sau khi hoàn thành một hành động khác
=> He went on to study medicine after finishing his biology degree.
Go on + V-ing: Tiếp tục hành động đang thực hiện
=> He goes on studying all night for the exam.
PHONETICS
1. Cụm phụ âm fl
1.1. Cách phát âm
fl = /f/ + /l/
Cách phát âm âm /f/:
Đặt răng trên nhẹ nhàng lên môi dưới.
Thổi hơi ra để tạo ra âm thanh /f/.
Các phát âm âm /l/:
Đầu lưỡi chạm vào phần nướu phía sau răng trên.
Âm /l/ được phát âm liền ngay sau âm /f/ mà không có khoảng cách hoặc ngắt quãng.
E.g. flower (n) /ˈflaʊər/: hoa
fly (v) /flaɪ/: bay
flavor (n) /ˈfleɪvər/: hương vị
aflame (n) /əˈfleɪm/: bốc cháy
1.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Các từ có chứa fl” sẽ được phát âm là /fl/
E.g. flute (n) /flu:t/: ống sáo
flame (n) /fleɪm/: ngọn lửa
flight (n) /flaɪt/: chuyến bay
flea (n) /fli:/: con bọ chét
2. Cụm phụ âm /fr/
2.1. Cách phát âm
/fr/ = /f/ + /r/
Cách phát âm âm /f/
Đặt răng trên nhẹ nhàng lên môi dưới.
Thổi hơi ra để tạo ra âm thanh /f/.
Cách phát âm âm /r/:
Sau khi phát âm /f/, lưỡi nhanh chóng di chuyển về phía sau nhưng không chạm vào bất kỳ phần nào của miệng.
Âm /r/ trong tiếng Anh Mỹ không rung lưỡi, khác với một số ngôn ngữ khác.
E.g. fridge (n) /frɪdʒ/: cây cầu
frog (n) /frɒɡ/: con ếch
freeze (v) /fri:z/ đông cứng
afraid (adj) /əˈfreɪd/: sợ sệt
2.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Các từ có chứa fr sẽ được phát âm là /fr/
E.g. frog (n) /frɒɡ/: con ếch
fright (n) /fraɪt/: sự hoảng sợ
France (n) /frɑːns/: nước Pháp
freedom (n) /ˈfriːdəm/: sự tự do
EXERCISE
A. PHONETICS
I. Read and write phonetically the words below.
1. A. fruit B. flute
2. A. frame B. flame
3. A. free B. flea
4. A. fright B. flight
5. A. fresh B. flesh
6. A. frog B. flog
II. Read the sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words: /fr/ or /fl/.
1. The photos of their fight for freedom are on the second floor.
2. Who suffers most from generational conflicts?
3. The man is reflecting on his frightening trip.
4. How does the past influence your friends?
5. When I was small, I caught the flu frequently.
6. He has no intention to stop campaigning for his son’s freedom.
7. The flight to London lasted seven hours.
8. Show me all I do not know: wooden sampans, floating markets, light of gold.
9. They collect everything from books to butterflies and from shells to stamps.
10. We should brush our teeth with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day.
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Write an appropriate word under each picture.
1. t_______________________
2. c_______________________
3. b_______________________
4. v___________ c____________
5. w_______________________
6. s_______________________
7. o_______________________
8. s_______________________
9. o_______________________
10. l__________ b_____________
II. Match the words or phrases with the descriptions.
1. underpass
A. a railway system in which electric trains travel through tunnels below the ground
2. concrete road
B. a road or path that goes under another road or railway track
3. earthen road
C. a road having their top surface made by mixing cement, sand, stones and water
4. pavement
D. a train or train system that runs above the ground
5. subway
E. an overground pedestrian path which helps people cross big crowded roads
6. tram
F. a flat path at the side of a road for people to walk on
7. skytrain
G. a bridge that carries a road or railway over another road
8. tunnel
H. the cheapest type of road in which the structure is constructed totally from the soil available at the site
9. elevated walkway
I. an electric rail vehicle that runs on tracks along public urban streets
10. flyover
J. a passage built underground which allows people and vehicles to go through
Your answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
III. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.
thatched houses
skytrain
tolerant
extended family
boom
tiled roofs
illiteracy
trench
nuclear family
mushroomed
1. The ______________ runs through all the important downtown districts and major transport hubs in Bangkok.
2. Those villagers live in ______________ whose roofs are made from straw or reeds.
3. Most of the country houses here are one storey high, made of wood, and have ___________.
4. These locals are better educated although ______________ is still widespread among the poor.
5. A(n) ______________ or elementary family, is a family group consisting of two parents and their children.
6. Care within the ______________ often flows from the oldest generation to the youngest.
7. They dug a drainage ______________ around their house so that heavy rains cannot flood the floor.
8. My parents are opposed to my dressing style, but luckily they are ______________ of my choice of music. Giaoandethitienganh.info sưu tầm
9. Over the last 2 decades, Vietnam has experienced a rapid construction ______________.
10. In recent years, the number of skyscrapers has ______________ in Ha Noi City.
IV. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1. My brother is giving up ______________ (to smoke/ smoking) at last.
2. The two teams agreed ______________ (postponing/ to postpone) the game until next week.
3. The suspect denied ______________ (having/ to have) anything to do with the robbery.
4. Jimmy is very skillful. He has managed ____________ (to repair/ repairing) his notebook.
5. Doctors advise us ______________ (to sleep/ sleeping) at least 8 hours a day.
6. Jerry is very angry. He refuses ______________ (speaking/ to speak) to me.
7. I can’t stand ______________ (to wear/ wearing) such an awful dress.
8. Can I go outside now? Ive finished ______________ (doing/ to do) my homework.
9. Friends you can trust will never fail ______________ (helping/ to help) you.
10. I don’t mind ______________ (to do/ doing) the dishes. I’ve got all the time in the world.
V. Put the verb into the correct form: infinitive, to-infinitive, or -ing form.
1. You shouldn’t let your children ______________ (play) with matches. It’s very easy ______________ (catch) fire.
2. I enjoy ______________ (be) busy. I don’t like it when there is nothing ______________ (do).
3. Let’s hurry! We must finish ______________ (paint) the office before 3:00 today.
4. As we don’t agree ____________ (carry out) a proposal we generally avoid ____________ (discuss) the subject.
5. I don’t mind ______________ (remind) you ______________ (lock) the door, but you’d better ______________ (try) ______________ (remember) on your own.
6. Please stop ______________ (interrupt) when I’m explaining something to you.
7. You can ______________ (ask) questions at the end.
8. He admitted ______________ (enter) the house but refused ______________ (steal) the money.
9. I don’t really fancy ______________ (spend) my whole holiday with your cousins.
10. I’d rather ______________ (spend) my time with you.
11. We had hoped ______________ (finish) the project by the end of the month but we Keep ______________ (delay) by changes in the plans.
12. Youd better ______________ (go) and see the boss and say what you’ve done.
13. If you put off ______________ (explain) it to her, she’ll only be more annoyed.
14. Those shirts need ______________ (iron), but you dont need ______________ (iron) them now.
15. Are we permitted ___________ (bring) guests to the ceremony? I’d like _____________ (invite) my friend to join us.
VI. Choose the correct answer.
1. I don’t mind ______________ late if it will help at all.
A. to work B. to be work C. working D. being working
2. I remember ______________ to the zoo when I was a child.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
3. They managed ______________ over the wall without.
A. to climb – seeing B. climbing - being seen
C. to climb - being seen D. to be climbed – seeing
4. Isabel expected ______________ to the university, but she wasn’t.
A. to admit B. to be admitted
C. admitting D. being accepted
5. The city council agreed ______________ the architect’s proposed design for a new parking garage.
A. to accept B. to be accepted C. accepting D. being accepted
6. The tin opener seems ______________ for left-handed people.
A. to design B. to be designed C. designing D. being designed
7. My parents appreciate ______________ the thank-you note you sent them.
A. to receive B. to be received C. receiving D. being received
8. When the police first questioned him, Wayne denied ______________ in the robbery.
A. to involve B. to be involved C. involving D. being involved
9. Many reliable methods of storing information tended ______________ when computers arrived.
A. to forget B. to be forgotten
C. forgetting D. being forgotten
10. The police warned everybody ______________ inside with their windows closed.
A. to stay B. to be stayed C. staying D. being stayed
11. She resented ______________ to make tea for everyone at the meeting.
A. to ask B. to be asked C. asking D. being asked
12. Let’s leave early. We can’t risk ______________ in heavy traffic during rush hour.
A. to hold up B. to be held up C. holding up D. being held up
13. After their children had grown up, they decided ______________ to a condominium in the city.
A. to move B. to be moved C. moving D. being moved
14. The new students hope ______________ in many of the school’s social activities.
A. to include B. to be included C. including D. being included
15. Does John mind at home if his patients need his help?
A. to call B. to be called C. calling D. being asked
VII. Match sentences.
1. Why do we need to preserve the natural wonders of Viet Nam?
A. I suggest using public transportation every day.
2. How can we know the schedule of the metro?
B. I don’t like the idea and 1 think the extended one is the best.
3. You really must come over Thien Mu Pagoda after visiting Hue Citadel.
C. Thank you. 1 will.
4. What should we do to reduce the air pollution in Ha Noi?
D. Use a bike or take the bus.
5. What do you think about nuclear families?
E. That’s good to know.
6. I really hope you have a good time in Nha Trang.
F. Google it!
7. What is the best way to get around?
G. To ensure that the future generation can also see and experience them.
8. What would happen if we didn’t preserve our traditions?
H. Our cultural identities would be lost.
Your answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
C. READING COMPREHENSION
I. Fill in each blank with a suitable word to complete the passage.
In the old days, Vietnamese roads were seen with (1) _____________ and a few trucks. Now they are full (2) _____________a variety of vehicles. The Vietnamese carry a huge load of a variety of goods up to over one hundred kilograms, especially during the war.
Time has gone by and (3) _____________bikes are visible on the street. In big cities, many people think that bicycles belong to the inferior classes and seem (4) _____________. That is why people often find it hard - psychologically and physically - to park their bikes when going to a modern cafe or shopping mall.
Motorbikes are the main mode of (5) _____________in Viet Nam, with 24 million of them in a country of 87 million people in 2009, one of the highest ratios in the world. More motorcycles of (6) _____________brands have dominated the road. The mobility which motorbikes provide is crucial to workers in big cities. Some youths try to (7) _____________expensive motorbikes from famous brands. Almost anything can be (8) _____________on a motorcycle. The loads include baskets of fruits, tree trunks, live pigs, flocks of live ducks and stacked crates of raw eggs. Two-thirds of Viet Nam’s population of 85 million is under 30, and motorcycles have become the center of youth culture.
(/)
1. A. planes
B. bicycles
C. trains
D. ships
2. A. of
B. with
C. on
D. over
3. A. lots
B. a lot of
C. a few
D. fewer
4. A. unfashionable
B. fashionable
C. modern
D. comfortable
5. A. convey
B. transport
C. deliver
D. traffic
6. A. all
B. many
C. more
D. whole
7. A. show up
B. show round
C. show off
D. show through
8. A. transported
B. transport
C. transporting
D. transports
II. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer.
The street food shoulder pole has been familiar to Saigon people for many years. Nowadays, it has become a special thing that makes travelers curious. In small areas of District 1 and District 3, we could count more than 100 vendors who earned money using shoulder poles. A shoulder pole, also called a carrying pole, is a yoke of wood or bamboo, used by people to carry a load. The vendors put their goods in two baskets at each end of the yoke.
In downtown, we can meet young women with their shoulder poles. The baskets are covered with plastic wrap carefully to protect the foods from street dust. In a tight space of one basket, she could mix the ingredients and bake the cake on a small charcoal, which was defended by a carton. The ready cakes were put in another basket.
In the morning or evening, on a rainy or sunny day, Saigon streets are marked by shoulder poles of people from different regions of the country, which has become a unique part of Saigon. It has been said that it isn’t hard to live in Saigon if you work hard. With a carrying pole on their shoulders, the vendors have turned it into a store.” The reason is very simple, they dont have enough money to open a real store. Every day, these women continue their journey through Saigon streets under the sun and rain, selling cheap things or street foods to earn money and feed their children.
(/)
1. A shoulder pole _____________.
A. is the connection between wood and bamboo
B. used to be called a carrying pole
C. is a bar made of wood or bamboo
D. is used to put goods on street vendors’ shoulders
2. The street food shoulder pole is _____________.
A. used by street vendors to carry things
B. a characteristic of Districts 1 and 3
C. used to make foreign travelers curious
D. a way for passersby to have food
3. All of the following are true about shoulder poles EXCEPT that _____________.
A. street vendors can bake cakes there
B. the two baskets have the same function
C. they can contain enough things to serve some customers
D. they can be protected from dust
4. All the following are benefits of shoulder poles EXCEPT that _____________.
A. they can help street vendors sell many things without a store
B. street vendors can support their families with the help of shoulder poles
C. it is a way for street vendors to carry goods around the streets
D. women are marked by unique shoulder poles from different regions
5. The word yoke” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. a piece of wood that is shaped to fit across a persons shoulders to carry two equal loads
B. a wooden bar that is connected to the vehicles or loads so that they can be pulled away
C. something that connects two things or people, usually in a way that limits freedom
D. a long piece of wood that is fastened across the neck to pull heavy loads
D. WRITING
I. Write a sentence using the clues given.
1. Jane/ not stand/ kept/ wait/ such/ long time
____________________________________________________________________________
2. They have/air-conditioner/fix/tomorrow
____________________________________________________________________________
3. He/ decide/ go back/shop/buy/ the shoes
____________________________________________________________________________
4. I/ pleased/hear/ you/offer/job/ assistant manager
____________________________________________________________________________
5. It/ worth/try/ make/ change/ her mind
____________________________________________________________________________
6. We’d prefer/ play tennis/ rather/ watch/it/TV
____________________________________________________________________________
7. I/ just/ finish/read/ long novel/ write/ Arthur Hailey
____________________________________________________________________________
8. I / regret/ inform/ you/ your application/ refused
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Remember/ check/ answer/before/ hand/ your exam paper
____________________________________________________________________________
10. They/ stop/ talk/ when/ the /teacher/ walk/ into/ classroom
____________________________________________________________________________
II. Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1. He hates to wake up early in the morning.
à He dislikes
2. It takes us an hour to commute to the office.
à We spend
3. They would rather travel by train instead of by bus.
à They prefer
4. Delaying the meeting was a wise decision.
à They decided
5. Don’t forget to bring your passport for the trip.
à Remember
6. We can’t wait to go on vacation.
à We look forward to
7. Learning a new language is difficult.
à It’s difficult to
8. Enjoying a cup of tea in the evening is her daily ritual.
à She enjoy
9. It takes them an hour to commute to the office.
à It usually requires an hour for them
10. Dont forget to set your alarm clock,” he reminded her.
à He reminded her

TEST FOR UNIT 6
I. Choose the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.

onthicaptoc.com Ngu phap va Bai tap Anh 9 Golobal unit 6