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UNIT 1. LOCAL COMMUNITY
T LANGUAGE FOCUS T
Grammar S Question words before to-infinitives
S Phrasal verb (1)
Pronunciation S Sound /ɑː/, /æ/ and /e/
GRAMMAR
I. QUESTION WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVE (TỪ ĐỂ HỎI ĐỨNG TRƯỚC ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU có TO)
• Ta có thể dùng từ để hỏi (wh-words) who, what, where, when, how... trước động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive) để diễn tả một tình huống khó khăn hoặc không chắc chắn. Cấu trúc này tương đương với một mệnh đề phụ.
Subject + verb (+O) + wh-word + to-infinitive (+O)
E.g: He doesnt know how he can use the washing machine.
à He doesnt know how to use the washing machine.
We don’t know what we should do to help the poor child.
à We dont know what to do to help the poor child.
● Dùng các động từ ask, wonder, (not) be sure, have no idea, (not) know, (not) decide, (not) tell trước cấu trúc wh-word + to-infinitive.
E.g: I wasnt sure who to ask for information.
à Kate wonders when to visit her uncle.
● Dùng cấu trúc wh-word + to-infinitive khi:
û Chủ ngữ (subject) của mệnh đề chính và chủ ngữ của to-infinitive chỉ cùng một đối tượng hoặc cùng nhóm đối tượng.
E.g: Dakota had no idea where she should go.
à Dakota had no idea where to go.
They want to know when they should leave for Miami.
* They want to know when to leave for Miami.
û Tân ngữ (object) của mệnh đề chính và chủ ngữ của to-inflnitive là cùng một đối tượng hoặc cùng nhóm đối tượng.
E.g: My mother told me what I should prepare for the camping trip.
à My mother told me what to prepare for the camping trip.
Lưu ý:
« KHÔNG dùng why + to-infinitive.
E.g: I dont know why I like her. [NOT I don’t know why to like her.]
« Cụm wh-word + to-infinitive không thể đứng riêng lẻ một mình.
E.g: What should we do? [NOT what to do]
II. PHRASAL VERBS (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ)
1. Định nghĩa
Cụm động từ (phrasal verb) là sự kết hợp giữa một động từ với một tiểu từ (adverb hoặc preposition, hoặc đôi khi cả hai) để tạo thành một động từ mới có nghĩa hoàn toàn khác hoặc mang sắc thái nghĩa khác so với động từ gốc. Tiểu từ có thể là trạng từ, giới từ hoặc một số loại từ khác.
E.g: take off (cởi ra); look after (chăm sóc); find out (tìm ra)
2. Meaning of phrasal verbs (Nghĩa của cụm động từ)
- Một số cụm động từ có nghĩa rõ ràng, dễ hiểu vì nghĩa của chúng dựa trên nghĩa thường dùng của động từ và trạng từ hoặc giới từ: come in (bước vào), come back (trở lại, quay về), sit down (ngồi xuống), stand up (đứng lên), turn around (quay lại)...
E.g: We all stand up when the teacher comes.
My father came back very late last night.
- Tuy nhiên, phần lớn cụm động từ thường có nghĩa đặc biệt, khác hoàn toàn với nghĩa của từng từ riêng lẻ: turn off (tắt), turn on (bật), put on (mặc vào), give up (từ bỏ), look for (tìm kiếm)...
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E.g: Norah had turned off the lights before leaving.
He gave up smoking when he was 30.
- Một số cụm động từ có thể có nhiều nghĩa.
E.g: We came home late because our car broke down.
That company broke down just after one year of operation.
She totally broke down after hearing the bad news.
Thông thường, ta không thể đoán nghĩa của cụm động từ qua sự kết hợp từ của nó. Để học nghĩa của cụm động từ, ta cần nhận biết động từ và tiểu từ [particle(s)] phải kết hợp với nhau hay chúng có thể tách rời nhau.
3. Phân loại
Cụm động từ có thể được chia làm 4 loại:
a. Cụm động từ có thể tách ra được
V + O + prep (động từ + tân ngữ + giới từ)
We put out the fire. = We put the fire out.
b. Cụm động từ không tách ra được
V + prep + O (động từ + giới từ + tân ngữ)
We should go over the whole project.
[Không dùng: We should go the whole project over.]
c. Cụm động từ không có tân ngữ
V + prep (động từ + giới từ)
When we got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
d. Cụm đồng từ gồm 3 từ
V + prep 1 + prep 2 (động từ + giới từ 1 + giới từ 2)
We’ve put up with our noisy neighbours for years.
PHONETICS
1. Nguyên âm /e/
1.1. Cách phát âm
Bước 1: Miệng mở tự nhiên
Bước 2: Lưỡi nâng lên độ cao vừa phải
Bước 3: Giữ nguyên vị trí hai môi và phát âm /e/ thật gọn.
1.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
a. Từ chứa ea
head (n) /hed/ cái đầu
bread (n) /bred/ bánh mì
jealous (adj) /ˈdʒeləs/ ghen tỵ, đố kỵ
ready (adj) /’redi/ sẵn sàng
spread (v) /spred/ truyền bá, lan ra
b. Từ chứa air hoặc are
repair (v) /rɪˈper/ sửa chữa
pair (n) /per/ đôi, cặp
fair (n) /fer/ hội chợ
compare (v) /kəmˈper/ so sánh
aware (adj) /əˈwer/ nhận thấy
care (v) /ker/ chăm sóc, quan tâm
c. Từ có một âm tiết chứa chữ e và kết thúc bằng một hay nhiều phụ âm thì chữ e thường được phát âm thành âm /e/
bed(n)/bed/ giường
dress (n) /dres/ váy
best (adj) /best/ tốt nhất
help (v) /help/giúp đỡ
2. Nguyên âm /æ/
2.1. Cách phát âm
Bước 1: Miệng mở rộng.
Bước 2: Hạ lưỡi xuống vị trí thấp nhất, đầu lưỡi hơi chạm chân răng cửa trong hàm dưới.
Bước 3: Giữ nguyên vị trí hai môi và phát âm âm /æ/ thật gọn dưới 1 giây.
Chú ý: Đối với âm /e/ vị trí của lưỡi cao hơn so với âm /æ/. Bên cạnh đó, khi phát âm âm /e/, miệng bạn mở tự nhiên và hoàn toàn thư giãn. Trong khi đó phát âm /æ/, miệng bạn mở rộng và căng ra.
2.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
a. Từ một âm tiết có chứa “a”
cat (n) /kæt/ con mèo
hat (n) /hæt/ cái mũ
map (n) /mæp/ bản đò
pan (n) /pæn/ cái chảo
b. Từ có nhiều âm mà trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết có chứa chữ a
candle (n) /’kændl/ cây nến
family (n) /ˈfæməli/ gia đình
camera (n) /ˈkæmrə/ máy quay phim
traffic (n) ˈtræfɪk/ giao thông
3. Âm /ɑː/
3.1. Cách phát âm
Bước 1: Phần miệng mở rộng một cách tự nhiên, cằm môi thả lỏng
Bước 2: Lưỡi được hạ thấp xuống
Bước 3: Phát âm /ɑː/
3.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
a. Từ có chứa a” và ar”
bath (n) /bɑːθ/ bồn tắm
class (n) /kla:s/ lớp học
park (n) /pɑːrk/ công viên
guitar (n) /gɪtɑːr/ đàn ghi-ta
b. Một số từ có chứa cụm “au” va “ua”
guard (n) /gɑːd/ người bảo vệ
laugh (v) /lɑːf/ cười
aunt (n) /ɑːnt/ cô, dì, bác gái
EXERCISE
A. PHONETICS
I. Tick the column that matches the sound in the underlined letters.
/e/
/æ/
/ɑː/
1. camera
2. entertainment
3. mention
4. celebrate
5. absence
6. check
7. spread
8. magic
9. laugh
10. challenge
11. member
12. action
13. family
14. marvelous
15. supermarket
II. Choose the word which has a different sound in the underlined part.
1. A. fat
B. hat
C. mandatory
D. demand
2. A. repair
B. bell
C. bet
D. beg
3. A. disaster
B. calendar
C. can
D. bat
4. A. ready
B. jealous
C. calendar
D. bell
5. A. head
B. bread
C. stead
D. peace
6. A. graduate
B. satellite
C. parachute
D. climate
7. A. regulator
B. personal
C. referee
D. detective
8. A. eliminate
B. expedition
C. separate
D. preparation
9. A. graduate
B. magic
C. lavender
D. fatherhood
10. A. candidate
B. negative
C. character
D. camera
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B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Label each picture with an appropriate word/ phrase in the box.
carving
conical hat
drum
knitting
lantern
painting
pottery
sculpture
lacquerware
silk
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
5. ___________________
6. ___________________
7. ___________________
8. ___________________
9. ___________________
10. ___________________
II. Match the word with its definition.
1. artisan
A. a product that is made by hand rather than by using a machine.
2. workshop
B. the process of encouraging members of a group to work well together by having them take part in activities and games.
3. authenticity
C. a person who does skilled work, making things with their hands.
4. handicraft
D. a long, thin strand of cotton, nylon, or other fibers used in sewing or weaving.
5. team-building
E. the place where something first started to exist.
6. birthplace
F. a room or building where things are made using tools or machines.
7. thread
G. I a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc.
8. sculpture
H. the quality of being real or true.
Your answers:
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. ____
6. ____
7. ____
8. ____
III. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase in the box.
team-building
handkerchiefs
conical hat
silk
tablecloth
lacquerware
handicraft
workshop
marble sculptures
pottery drums
1. Non la (translated as ________________) is not only a normal hat but also one of Vietnam’s symbols of charm. Giaoandethitienganh.info sưu tầm
2. Their old garage has been made into a ________________ for making wood products.
3. If you soak the ________________ before you wash it, the stains should come out.
4. These shiny white ________________ were made by traditional artisans in Da Nang.
5. The treasure hunt game is aimed at improving management and ________________ skills.
6. Our ________________ have a full range of sounds: booming bases, sharp slaps, and rich tones.
7. Today, tissues are so popular that cloth ________________ are regarded as old-fashioned.
8. Generations of artists in this village have turned ordinary wood and bamboo into beautiful ________________.
9. ________________, sometimes expressed as handmade, is a type of work where objects are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools.
10. When I saw Anna, she was wearing a thin ________________ dress, black stockings, and a small fur jacket.
IV. Fill in the blanks with when, where, what, or how to complete the sentences.
1. Lisa has so many ingredients, but she doesn’t know _______ to make!
2. This city is so expensive. I dont know _______ to live.
3. John wants to marry his girlfriend, but he’s not sure _______ to propose.
4. Help! My room is infested with ants. I don’t know _______ to do!
5. Help us decideto go on vacation.
6. Do you know _______ to do if you are stung by a bee?
7. My husband and I are so busy these days. We dont know ____ to celebrate our anniversary.
8. She wants to speak French better, but I don’t know _______ to do that.
V. Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings.
1. deal with
A. get information, discover something
2. close down
B. control of something
3. turn up
C. take action to solve a problem
4. find out
D. begin working, start a new business
5. live on
E. stop doing something
6. look forward to
F. arrive
7. look through
G. start on a trip
8. set off
H. have enough money to live
9. set up
I. be excited about something
10. take over
J. read
Your answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
VI. Circle and write the correct answer.
1. We have turned (down/ up) Jack’s application for the job.
2. They may have to deal (with/ about) many problems in the workplace.
3. Small birds mainly live (on/ off) insects.
4. When does the plane take (off/ up)?
5. Why did you decide to take (on/ up) skiing?
6. Remember to warm (up/down) carefully before you play sports.
7. Theres no need to dress (up/ down). It is just an informal party.
8. Have you worked (out/ in) the solution yet?
9. Oops, I think we’re running out (of/ on) petrol.
10. Jim seems not to get (on/off) well with his classmates.
11. My wife has decided to set (up/down) a business on her own.
12. Do you think Jane will find (out/ up) the truth?
13. Does Jim have many friends to count (on/off) in difficult time?
14. Yesterday, my uncle dropped (to/ by) my house to the surprise of everyone.
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15. Were you brought (up/ in) by your grandparents?
VII. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. I recently decided to _______ a new hobby, and I chose photography.
A. take in B. take off C. take up D. take along
2. The busy life in the city has helped Anna _______ her homesickness.
A. go over B. get over C. get off D. get on
3. He had to _______ his vacation plans due to unexpected work commitments.
A. put on B. put off C. put up D. put away
4. I always _______ early in the morning to avoid traffic.
A. get on B. get away C. get over D. get up
5. The news will _______ in the newspapers tomorrow.
A. come over B. come out C. come in D. come together
6. She always _______ her younger sister, making sure shes safe.
A. looks after B. looks for C. looks in D. looks up
7. Dont forget to _______ the lights when you leave the room.
A. turn up B. turn on C. turn off D. turn down
8. Can you _______ the trash when you leave the room?
A. take away B. put out C. take out D. get away
9. Don’t forget to _______ a warm coat before going out; it’s chilly outside.
A. put on B. put off C. get on D. bring in
10. House prices have to _______ sooner or later because people keep moving to the city.
A. take off B. get on C. go down D. go up
VIII. Match the sentences.
1. Have you already found a destination for our weekends?
A. Yes, but I hear that it has many unique artifacts.
2. The park is full of people, both adults and children.
B. They knitted them out of bamboo.
3. I think a conical hat is easy to make as it looks quite simple.
C. Not yet. We should have another plan.
4. This museum looks small.
D. I know! And the artisan must be skilled.
5. Where did you spend your last weekend?
E. We had a memorable trip to a new zoo on the outskirts of the city.
6. According to the tour program, we will have team-building games in the morning.
F. Half past six would be good.
7. How did they make these baskets?
G. That sounds fun. How about the afternoon?
8. We must come back to the gathering point on time.
H. I dont think so. Artisans have to follow 15 stages to make it.
9. Look at this carved eggshell! Its amazing!
I. Yeah! Children play games while their parents sit and talk with each other.
10. What time should we set off for the tour?
J. But what is the exact number?
Your answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
IX. Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.
A. My father bought it last year.
B. Then the artisans can live on their jobs.
C. Yes, what’s wrong?
D. Oh, really? Do you want the address?
E. From a company called in Quang Nam City.
F. I just enjoy the painting.
G. Thats easier for them to sell products.
H. Not many artisans can establish a company like the does.
Tuan: This painting looks so beautiful.
Nam: It’s a silk painting, embroidered by hand. (1) _______________
Tuan: Where did he buy it?
Nam: (2) _______________ He says their paintings look very special. This is the one he likes most.
Tuan: A company?
Nam: (3) _______________
Tuan: I only heard of silk paintings from small craft villages. I don’t know if people can open companies for this business.
Nam: Well, now they do. (4) _______________
Tuan: I’m impressed. (5) _______________Giaoandethitienganh.info sưu tầm
Nam: I think opening a company is good for promoting traditional crafts. They can sell their products to many more customers. (6) _______________
Tuan: Youre right. I think there may be many companies like this, but we have never heard of them.
Nam: I don’t know. (7) _______________ Do you like it?
Tuan: Yes, I do. I will ask my parents to buy one if we visit Quang Nam.
Nam: (8) _______________
Tuan: Oh, no need now. We can easily search for it later. Thanks a lot.
C. READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the following and choose the correct answer.
There are many (1) ___________villages in Viet Nam, but Quat Dong village in Ha Noi is widely known (2) ___________ its products of high (3) ___________.
Embroidery has been developing around here (4) ___________ the 17th century. In the past, local skilled artisans were chosen to make sophisticated embroidered (5) ___________ for the Vietnamese King, Queen and other Royal family members. The first man who taught the local people how to embroider was Dr. Le Cong Hanh, who lived during the Le dynasty. He learned how to embroider while on a trip (6) ___________ an envoy, and taught the villagers of Quat Dong upon his (7) ___________. Although these skills eventually spread (8) ___________ the country, the Quat Dongs artisans creations are still the most appreciated. In (9) ___________ to create beautiful embroideries, an artisan must be patient, careful and have an eye for design, along with clever hands. Nowadays, Quat Dong products may range from clothes, bags, and pillowcases to paintings and decorations, which are (10) ___________ to many countries.
1. A. number
B. exist
C. embroidery
D. population
2. A. for
B. border
C. region
D. place
3. A. includes
B. insists
C. quality
D. consists
4. A. around
B. over
C. on
D. since
5. A. costumes
B. tell
C. name
D. separate
6. A. good
B. as
C. better
D. well
7. A. another
B. others
C. return
D. anothers
8. A. across
B. hill
C. village
D. downtown
9. A. quarter
B. effort
C. order
D. notice
10. A. wonder
B. cause
C. true
D. exported
II. Fill in the gap with one word in the box.
artisans
skillful
handicraft
completely
where
set
long-standing
souvernirs
Ive just returned from my vacation in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. On this trip, I had a chance to visit some (1) ___________ villages that produce the finest craftwork exported around the world.
The very first place I (2) ___________ foot on was Van Phuc Silk Village, the cradle of the best silk in Vietnam. I totally fall in love with many colourful clothes, hats, bags, ties ... made of authentic silk. Then, I moved on to Bat Trang ceramic village, the most famous and (3) ___________ pottery village in Vietnam with a nearly 1,000-year-old historic development. Here, I visited a small family factory to see how the (4) ___________ form, paint and glaze with unique products and have a chance to practice my talent with wet clay and a mould. Afternoon, I continued to visit Dong Ho folk painting village, (5) ___________ the traditional woodblock paintings are preserved. I was completely impressed by the folk paintings made by the local (6) ___________ artisans with natural materials and colors. Each painting is (7) ___________ handmade on paper of the Dzo tree and is coloured with other natural materials and its glittery surface is finished with oyster shell dust.
I took home a lot of handmade (8) ___________ and friends, which were later given to my family and friends.
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D. WRITING
I. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
1. Where did you find out about the Disneyland Resort? (get)
à Where
2. When did you get up this morning? (out of)
à When

onthicaptoc.com Ngu phap va Bai tap Anh 9 Golobal unit 1